Micro-locking plate external fixation for the treatment of proximal phalanx comminuted fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical efficacy of external placement of micro-locking plate combined with small incision reduction in treating proximal phalanx comminuted fractures.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to December 2019, 17 patients with proximal phalanx comminuted fractures were treated with micro-locking plate combined with small incision open reduction, including 13 males and 4 females, aged from 16 to 64 years old with an average of (37.2±20.1) years old. Two patients were accompanied by soft tissue extrusion and opening injuries, which were treated with fixed treatment after the first-stage emergency debridement. Curative effect was evaluated according to total active flexion scale (TAFS) of American Hand Surgery Association at 6 months after operation;and fracture healing, nailing, local soft tissue healing, complications were observed.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from 6 to 12 months with an avaerge of(9.3±3.6) months. Two patients occurred delayed union, 1 occurred local skin necrosis and was treated with the second-stage skin grafting to repair wound surface. No external screw breakage or infection was reported, skin soft tissue healed favorably and reached bony union, the union time from 12 to 24 weeks with an average of (15.7±2.1) weeks. According to TAFS standard, 9 patients got excellent result, 5 good and 3 poor at 6 months after operation.@*CONCLUSION@#External micro-locking plate combined with small incision reduction in treating proximal phalanx comminuted fracture, which has advantages of good condition of skin and soft tissue, simple operation, early functional exercise, good range of motion of interphalanx joint, and function score of recovery period is high.

Osteoma osteoide de falange. Reporte de cinco casos y revisión bibliográfica / Phalanx osteoid osteoma. Five-case report and literature review

Introducción: El osteoma osteoide de falange es un cuadro infrecuente. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar cinco pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico de osteoma osteoide de falange y resaltar los aspectos más relevantes del diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se evaluaron el dolor, según la escala analógica visual, la movilidad activa y el puntaje QuickDASH antes de la cirugía y en el control final a los 35.4 meses. Resultados: El tiempo medio desde la primera consulta hasta el diagnóstico fue de 10.6 meses (rango 5-16). El puntaje QuickDASH medio preoperatorio fue de 22,72 (rango 6,8-40,9). Luego del seguimiento medio de 35.4 meses (rango 17-63), todos los pacientes estaban satisfechos con el resultado. El puntaje medio de dolor fue 0. El puntaje QuickDASH medio fue 0. Conclusiones: El osteoma osteoide debe pensarse como diagnóstico diferencial ante un paciente que consulta por dolor digital subagudo o crónico que cede con antinflamatorios no esteroides. El tratamiento quirúrgico mediante el curetaje simple o la resección en bloque logra resultados satisfactorios. Sin embargo, como su prevalencia es baja, se suele pasar por alto y así se retrasan el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Nivel de Evidencia; IV

Introduction: Osteoid osteomas are rarely found in the phalanges. The purpose of this study is to report 5 cases with histologic diagnosis of phalanx osteoid osteoma and highlight the most important aspects of its diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was conducted. Evaluation included pain level using the visual analog scale (VAS), active range of motion, and QuickDASH score before surgery and at final follow-up (mean, 35.4 months). Results: The mean time from first consultation to diagnosis was 10.6 months (range, 5-16 months). The mean preoperative QuickDASH score was 22.72 (range, 6.8-40.9). At last follow-up (mean, 35.4 months; range, 17-63), all patients were satisfied with the outcome. The mean VAS score for pain was 0. The mean QuickDASH score was 0. Conclusions: Osteoid osteoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis when patients complain of subacute or chronic digital pain that improves with NSAIDs. Surgical treatment by simple curettage or en bloc resection shows satisfactory results. However, due to its low prevalence, osteoid osteoma is commonly underdiagnosed resulting in diagnosis and treatment delays. Level of Evidence; IV

Resultados de la osteotomía y la osteosíntesis rígida en la consolidación viciosa de falange / Outcomes of osteotomy and rigid internal fixation treatment for the correction of phalangeal malunions

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados y las complicaciones de una serie de pacientes con consolidación viciosa de falange. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a pacientes con consolidación viciosa de falange tratados mediante osteotomía en el sitio de la deformidad, estabilizados con osteosíntesis rígida. Se registró la movilidad de los dedos. La valoración subjetiva consistió en el puntaje DASH y una escala analógica visual para el dolor en reposo, en actividad y la función. Resultados: Doce pacientes (13 falanges) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. El tiempo promedio entre la lesión inicial y la osteotomía fue 14 meses y el seguimiento promedio, 34 meses. La movilidad final promedio en flexo-extensión fue 89° metacarpofalángica, 74° interfalángica proximal, 54° interfalángica distal y la distancia pulpejo-palma, 3 mm. El puntaje promedio de la escala analógica visual en reposo fue 0; en actividad, 1 y la función promedio fue de 7 puntos; el puntaje DASH promedio fue 6. No hubo casos de seudoartrosis. Cinco pacientes requirieron el retiro de la placa. Los pacientes con osteotomía articular no presentaron signos de artrosis. Conclusiones: La osteotomía de falange en el sitio de la deformidad es un procedimiento eficaz con un buen resultado objetivo y subjetivo a corto plazo. La utilización de placas y tornillos conlleva una tasa más alta de complicaciones; por lo tanto, los pacientes deben ser advertidos sobre la posibilidad de una segunda intervención quirúrgica. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Objective: To present the results and complications of a series of phalangeal malunion patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on phalangeal malunion patients treated with an osteotomy at the deformity site and stabilized with rigid internal fixation. Postoperative mobility of the digit was recorded. The subjective assessment used the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to rate their function and pain at rest and during activity. Results: Twelve patients (13 phalanges) met the inclusion criteria. The average time between fracture and osteotomy was 14 months and the mean follow-up was 34 months. Final mobility in flexo-extension was: 89 degrees for metacarpophalangeal joint, 74 degrees proximal interphalangeal joint, 54 degrees distal interphalangeal joint. The average VAS pain score was 0 at rest and 1 during activity, and the average function was 7 points. The average DASH score was 6. There were no cases of nonunion. Five patients required plate removal. No patients with articular osteotomy presented signs of Osteoarthritis. Conclusions: Phalangeal osteotomy at the deformity site is an effective procedure with good objective and subjective short-term outcomes. Patients should be warned about the possibility of a second procedure in cases of plate fixation due to a higher complication rate associated with plate and screw fixations. Level of Evidence: IV

Fracturas de falanges tratadas con placas de osteosintesis: Resultados a corto plazo / Phalangeal fractures treated with osteosynthesis plates. Short-term results

Introducción: Se realizo un estudio de cohorte prospectivo para evaluar los resultados funcionales de pacientes laborales con fracturas de falange tratadas mediante placas y establecer factores de mal pronostico. Materiales y Métodos: Desde mayo de 2012 hasta mayo de 2014, 55 pacientes laborales con fracturas de falange fueron operados consecutivamente, mediante reduccion y osteosintesis con placa y tornillos. Cuarenta y dos (39 hombres, edad promedio 30.76 anos) fueron evaluados, con 68 falanges operadas (primera falange 15, segunda falange 53). El 28% de las fracturas fueron expuestas; el 38,24%, conminutas y el 11,76% tenia compromiso articular. El seguimiento promedio fue de 3.38 meses. Resultados: Se logro la consolidacion osea de todas las fracturas a los 1.8 meses. La movilidad para el pulgar (Gingrass) fue buena en dos casos y regular en uno. En los restantes dedos (Belsky), fue excelente (35%), buena (55%) y mala (9%). El puntaje DASH promedio fue de 18,53. Se observaron peores resultados en las fracturas de la primera falange respecto de la segunda falange y en pacientes con mas edad que en los mas jovenes, ambos con significancia estadistica. No hubo relacion entre el resultado y las demas variables estudiadas. Cuatro pacientes tuvieron complicaciones (9,5%). Conclusiones: Al comparar nuestra serie con otras publicadas, hubo menos complicaciones y los resultados fueron similares, pero a diferencia de otros autores, no acostumbramos a retirar el material ni a realizar tenolisis ni artrolisis. Se logro la consolidacion osea en todos los casos y los resultados fueron satisfactorios en el 90% de los pacientes. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: A prospective cohort study was carried out to evaluate functional results in workers with phalangeal fractures treated with plates and to establish poor prognostic factors. Methods: From May 2012 to May 2014, 55 workers with phalangeal fractures were operated on consecutively by reduction and fixation with plate and screws. Forty-two patients (39 men; average age 30.76 years) were evaluated, with 68 operated phalanges (first phalanx 15, second phalanx 53). Twenty-eight percent of fractures were open, 38.24% comminuted and 11.76% had joint involvement. Average follow-up: 3.38 months. Results: Bone union was achieved in all fractures in 1.8 months. Gingrass score for the thumb was good in two cases and regular in one. In the remaining fingers, Belsky score was excellent (35%), good (55%), and poor (9%). Average DASH score was 18.53. Worse results were observed in the first phalanx fractures with respect to the second and in older patients than in the younger, both with statistical significance. No relationship was observed among the outcome and other variables studied. Four patients had complications (9.5%). Conclusions: When comparing our findings with other studies, the rate of complications was small, and similar results were obtained, but unlike other authors, we are not used to removing hardware with tenolysis or arthrolysis. Bone union was achieved in all cases and results were satisfactory in 90% of patients. Level of Evidence: IV

La vaginotomía percutánea en la tendovaginitis estenosante de los dedos largos de las manos / La ténotomie percutanée dans le traitement de la ténosynovite sténosante des doigts longs de la main / Percutaneous vaginotomy in stenosing tendovaginitis of hand long fingers

Introducción: La tendovaginitis estenosante de los dedos de la mano o dedo en resorte es una patología relativamente frecuente que puede afectar a personas durante su vida laboral. Existen diversos métodos para solucionar esta afección. Objetivo: Evaluar el empleo durante ocho años de la vaginotomía percutánea en la tendovaginitis estenosante de los dedos largos de las manos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de intervención longitudinal prospectivo con adultos mayores de 65 años de edad. La muestra estuvo constituida por 468 pacientes diagnosticados con tendovaginitis estenosante (dedo en resorte). Fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente 532 dedos con la vagotomía percutánea entre el 1 de enero de 2008 y el 31 de octubre de 2015, en el Centro de Investigaciones en Longevidad, Envejecimiento y Salud. Se evaluaron los pacientes seis meses después del tratamiento. Las variables empleadas fueron: edad, sexo, tiempo de padecimiento, dedo afectado, tiempo quirúrgico, complicaciones perioperatorias, duración del dolor. Se utilizó la clasificación de Newport según el cuadro clínico y el método de Strickland para evaluar los resultados. Resultado: Hubo un predomino del sexo femenino en la sexta década de vida. Las mayores incidencias estuvieron en la mano dominante. Se obtuvo un 98,3 por ciento de resultados satisfactorios. Los tiempos promedios de las variables descritas fueron significativamente cortos. No se mostraron complicaciones serias. Los dedos más afectados fueron el cuarto y el tercero. Hubo predominio de los estadios II y III. Conclusión: La vaginotomía percutánea solucionó satisfactoriamente la morbilidad que produce el dedo en resorte(AU)

Introduction: Stenosing tendovaginitis of hand fingers or spring finger is a relatively frequent pathology that can affect people during their working life. There are several methods to solve this condition. Objective: To evaluate the used of percutaneous vaginotomy in stenosing tendovaginitis of the long fingers for eight years. Methods: A prospective longitudinal intervention was conducted with adults over 65 years of age. 468 patients formed the sample. They were diagnosed with stenosing tendovaginitis (spring finger). Surgery was performed on 532 fingers with percutaneous vagotomy from January 1, 2008 to October 31, 2015, at the Research Center on Longevity, Aging and Health. Patients were assessed six months after treatment. The variables used were age, sex, time of suffering, affected finger, surgical time, perioperative complications, and duration of pain. Newport classification was used according to the symptoms and Strickland method to assess the results. Result: There was predominance of the female sex in their sixth decade of life. The highest incidences were in the dominant hand. Satisfactory results were 98.3 percent. The average times of the variables described were significantly short. No serious complications were shown. The most affected fingers were the fourth and the third. There was predominance of stages II and III. Conclusion: Percutaneous vaginotomy satisfactorily resolved the morbidity produced by the spring finger(AU)

Introduction: La ténosynovite sténosante des doigts de la main, ou doigt à ressort, est une pathologie assez fréquente pouvant affecter les personnes tout au long de leur vie. Il y a plusieurs méthodes pour corriger cette affection. Objectif: Évaluer l'utilisation pendant huit ans de la ténotomie percutanée pour corriger la ténosynovite sténosante des doigts longs de la main. Méthodes: Une étude interventionnelle, longitudinale et prospective des personnes âgées de plus de 65 ans a été effectuée. L'échantillon a été composée de 468 patients diagnostiqués de ténosynovite sténosante (doigt à ressort). Un nombre significatif d'interventions chirurgicales (532 doigts) ont été effectuées entre le 1 janvier 2008 et le 31 octobre 2015 au Centre de recherches sur la longévité, le vieillissement et la santé. Les patients ont été évalués six mois après le traitement. On a utilisé des variables telles que l'âge, le sexe, la durée de l'affection, le doigt affecté, le temps chirurgical, les complications péri-opératoires, et la durée de la douleur. Afin d'évaluer les résultats, on a appliqué la classification de Newport, selon le tableau clinique et la méthode de Strickland. Résultats: On a trouvé que les femmes dans les soixante ans étaient les plus souvent touchées par cette affection, étant la main dominante la plus affectée. Il y a eu de très bons résultats (98.3 pourcent). Les temps moyens des variables décrites ont été notamment courts. Il n'y a pas eu de complications graves. Le troisième et le quatrième doigt ont été les plus fréquemment touchés. Dans la classification, le stade II et III ont été en prédominance. Conclusions: La ténotomie percutanée a réussi à corriger de manière satisfaisante la morbidité provoquée par le doigt à ressort(AU)

Luxación de tendones extensores de la mano a nivel metacarpofalángico (zona V de Verdan) / Dislocation of the extensor tendons of the hand at the metacarpo-phalangeal level (zone V of Verdan)

Resumen: La luxación de los tendones extensores a nivel metacarpofalángico (MCF) de los dedos es una alteración mecánica poco frecuente que se caracteriza por incompetencia o ruptura de la banda sagital (BS), estructura que estabiliza dichos tendones. Se manifiesta por desplazamiento cubital del tendón extensor (en raras ocasiones, la luxación es radial o divergente), que limita su función y puede causar dolor o chasquido. El diagnóstico se hace al observar el tendón extensor del lado cubital de la articulación MCF en flexión del dedo. El tratamiento debe ser conservador cuando el diagnóstico se efectúa en las primeras tres semanas. Se recomienda tratamiento quirúrgico cuando el diagnóstico es tardío. Existen varias técnicas de reparación quirúrgica. Material y métodos: Se revisaron bases de datos electrónicas (Ovid y Medline) en busca de artículos relacionados con esta patología. Se examinaron los casos de luxación de tendones extensores en zona V en nuestros pacientes. Resultados: Se encontraron 10 artículos y cuatro libros relacionados con esta patología. Analizamos 18 individuos con 21 lesiones de Abril de 1978 a Agosto de 2011; de ellos, 10 fueron hombres y ocho mujeres, con edad de 21 a 73 años (promedio, 47 años). El dedo más afectado fue el medio (con 13 casos), seguido del índice (con cinco casos), el meñique (con dos casos) y el anular (con un caso). Trece sujetos fueron tratados quirúrgicamente y ocho de forma conservadora. Las técnicas quirúrgicas utilizadas fueron: de Wheeldon en siete personas, combinación de reparación primaria con técnica de Wheeldon en cuatro casos, reparación primaria de la BS y técnica de Carroll en un paciente cada una. El seguimiento mínimo fue de un año y el más largo de 34 años (promedio, 17.5 años). Discusión: Las lesiones de tendones extensores en zona V son poco frecuentes. Cuando el diagnóstico es tardío, requieren tratamiento quirúrgico.

Abstract: Traumatic dislocation of the extensor tendon over the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint is a rare lesion that is caused by the dysfunction or rupture of the sagittal band, which is an important stabilizing structure of the extensor tendon. This mechanical alteration presents itself as instability that affects function and may cause pain or snapping during finger motion. The diagnosis is made when ulnar dislocation of the extensor tendon is observed over the MCP joint. Nonsurgical treatment is successful and should be attempted when injuries are diagnosed within the first three weeks. Several surgical repairs have been described. Material and methods: We searched medical databases (Ovid, Medline) for papers on extensor tendon dislocation. We also revised our own cases of this injury. Results: Our search resulted in 10 articles and four books. We found 18 patients with 21 injuries, 10 men and eight women. The most frequently affected finger was the middle one (in thirteen cases), followed by the index (in five cases), the fourth finger (in two cases) and the third one (in one case). Eight of our patients were treated conservatively and thirteen required surgical treatment. The surgical procedures performed were Wheeldon's in seven cases; primary repair of the sagittal band and Wheeldon in four cases; primary repair alone in one case; and Carroll's in one case. The follow-up was between one and 34 years (average: 17.5 years). Discussion: Extensor tendon dislocation in zone V is rare. When the diagnosis is made after three weeks of the lesion, the surgical treatment is recommended.

Minimally invasive surgical treatment for unstable fractures of the proximal phalanx: intramedullary screw / Tratamento cirúrgico minimamente invasivo das fraturas instáveis da falange proximal: parafuso intramedular

To analyze the clinical-functional parameters and quality of life of patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical treatment for extra-articular fractures of the proximal phalanx, using an intramedullary screw (Acutrak(r)). METHODS: Between January 2011 and September 2014, a prospective study was conducted on 41 patients (48 fingers) with unstable extra-articular fractures of the proximal phalanx, who underwent minimally invasive surgical treatment using an intramedullary screw (Acutrak(r)). These patients were evaluated 12 months after the surgery by means of the DASH quality-of-life questionnaire, VAS pain scale, measurement of range of motion (ROM, in degrees) and radiographic assessment. RESULTS: All the patients achieved adequate reduction and consolidation of their fractures. There were statistically significant improvements in quality of life on the DASH scale, pain on the VAS scale and range of motion. CONCLUSION: The minimally invasive technique for treating unstable extra-articular fractures of the proximal phalanx using an intramedullary screw (Acutrak(r)) is effective and safe, and it presents satisfactory clinical-functional results.

Analisar os parâmetros clínico-funcionais e a qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico minimamente invasivo das fraturas extra-articulares da falange proximal com uso do parafuso intramedular (Acutrak(r)). MÉTODOS: Um estudo prospectivo foi feito de janeiro de 2011 a setembro de 2014 e incluiu 41 pacientes e 48 dedos acometidos com fratura da falange proximal extra- articular e instável submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico minimamente invasivo com parafuso intramedular (Acutrak(r)). Esses pacientes foram avaliados 12 meses após a cirurgia por meio do questionário DASH de qualidade de vida, escala de dor VAS, arco de movimento (adm em graus) e avaliação radiográfica. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes obtiveram redução adequada e consolidação das fraturas. Houve melhoria estatisticamente significativa da qualidade de vida (DASH), escala de dor (VAS) e arco de movimento. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica minimamente invasiva no tratamento das fraturas instáveis e extra-articulares da falange proximal com o parafuso intramedular Acutrak(r) é eficaz e segura e apresenta resultados clínico-funcionais satisfatórios.

Reintegração de amputação digital distal com enxerto composto e difusão plasmática ampliada distal no plano dérmico palmar - relato de um caso em criança de 2 anos de idade e revisão da literatura / Reintegration of distal digital amputation with composite graft and plasmatic diffusion expanded distally on the palmar dermal plane - a case report of a 2-year-old child and a literature review

Nas amputações mais distais da ponta dos dedos, o reimplante microcirúrgico pode não ser praticável. Nestes casos, o enxerto composto oferece os melhores resultados funcionais e estéticos, sendo, porém, incerta a sua reintegração. Várias técnicas foram aventadas para melhorar a sobrevida do enxerto volumoso, basicamente diminuindo o seu volume, associando ou não um retalho cutâneo. Outras técnicas criam uma superfície adicional de contato para difusão plasmática, o "bolso subcutâneo", sem diminuir o volume do enxerto composto, com altas taxas de sucesso. O presente artigo apresenta um caso de amputação da ponta distal do dedo mínimo (zona I de Ishikawa) numa criança de 2 anos de idade. Impossível de reimplante microcirúrgico, a reintegração foi feita com enxerto composto do coto amputado, sem desbridamento, e com a criação de uma nova superfície de contato para difusão plasmática, na extremidade distal do coto enxertado, no plano dérmico da região hipotênar, aumentando assim a área de contato e diminuindo a distância radial da difusão plasmática no enxerto composto. Doze dias após, esse contato adicional foi separado e ambas as superfícies apresentaram sangramento. A reintegração foi total, com mínimas cicatrizes no dedo e na região hipotênar. Uma breve revisão bibliográfica foi feita e discutidos os conceitos cirúrgicos, assim como os fatores que influenciam na sobrevida do enxerto composto. Na área receptora, o plano anatômico mais adequado e melhor vascularizado, para o contato adicional com o enxerto, necessita ser determinado.

In more-distal amputations of the fingertips, microsurgical replantation is not feasible. For these cases, composite graft provides the best functional and aesthetic results. However, its reintegration is uncertain. Several techniques have been proposed to improve bulky graft survival by basically reducing its volume, regardless of whether a skin flap is connected. Other techniques create an additional contact surface for plasmatic diffusion, the so-called subcutaneous pocket, without reducing the composite graft volume and yielding high success rates. This article presents a case of amputation of the distal tip of the fifth digit (Ishikawa zone I) of a 2-year-old child. Because of the impossibility of microsurgical replantation, a composite graft was used to reintegrate the amputated stump, without debridement, by creating a new contact surface for plasmatic diffusion at the distal end of the grafted stump, on the dermal plane in the hypothenar region, thereby increasing the contact area and decreasing the radial distance for the plasmatic diffusion of the composite graft. Twelve days later, the additional contact was separated and both surfaces presented bleeding. Full reintegration occurred with minimal scarring of the finger and hypothenar region. A brief literature review was conducted, discussing surgical concepts and factors that influence composite graft survival. The most appropriate and best vascularized anatomic plane for additional contact with the graft in the recipient area needs to be determined.

Condroma de partes moles relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Soft tissue chondroma case report and review of the literature

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de apresentar um relato de caso sobre condroma extra-esquelético ou de partes moles, uma lesão rara e benigna diagnosticada através da clínica, radiologia e exame histopatológico. O paciente (24 anos) compareceu ao Setor de Ortopedia do Hospital Unimed Betim com queixa de aumento de volume no polegar esquerdo, indolor há aproximadamente um ano. Durante o exame físico verificou-se presença de uma lesão nodular, de consistência dura, móvel, indolor que não acarretava em alteração funcional do dedo. O paciente foi encaminhado para setor de radiologia do hospital onde foi realizado RX e posteriormente ultrasonografia e ressonância magnética do polegar esquerdo. Diante dos achados dos estudos de imagem a equipe optou pela biópsia excisional da lesão. O exame histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de condroma extra-esquelético. Os elementos definidores do condroma de partes moles são: 1) curso clinico benigno e sintomatologia frusta; 2) ausência de conexão entre o tumor e estruturas adjacentes como periosteo, capsula articular ou osso; 3) crescimento lento; 4) ausência de prevalência por sexo; 5) características radiológicas e histológicas do tumor. O diagnóstico raramente é aventado quando confrontamos tumores de partes moles das mãos. A excisão é simples e deve ser completa para se evitar recorrências. A avaliação histopatológica deve ser realizada para confirmação diagnóstica.

The present study presents a case report of extraskeletal chondroma or soft tissue chondroma, a rare and benign lesion, diagnosed by clinical findings, imaging studies and histopathological exam. The 24-year-old patient presented at the Orthopedics Section of Unimed Betim Hospital with a slow painless growth on the left thumb about 1 year ago. During the physical examination, a nodular lesion was noted; it had a hard consistency, was mobile and painless, and didn't cause functional impairment for the finger. The patient was referred to the imaging unit of the hospital, where an X-ray was performed; later on, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the left thumb was done. After the imaging studies, the medical team chose excisional biopsy of the lesion. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of extra-skeletal chondroma or soft-tissue chondroma. Soft tissue chondroma is usually not considered for a soft-tissue tumor of the hand. Excision is easy and must be complete if recurrences are to be avoided. Histopathological evaluation is required for the final diagnosis.

Reimplante e revascularização da ponta do dedo: revisão de literatura e relato de caso de amputação da ponta do dedo mínimo na criança de um ano de idade / Fingertip replantation and revascularization: literature review and a case report of fingertip amputation of the fifth finger of a one-year-old child

A falange distal é funcionalmente importante e deve ser reimplantada em casos de acidente. A técnica de eleição é microcirúrgica, porém a anastomose da veia pode ser extremamente difícil ou impossível, principalmente em crianças pequenas. Este artigo reporta um caso de reimplante microcirúrgico da falange distal do dedo mínimo em uma criança de sexo masculino, de um ano de idade, que sofreu amputação da falange distal do dedo mínimo tipo "guilhotina", na porta residencial. A falange foi reimplantada 8 horas após a amputação, com anastomose de uma artéria e uma veia extremamente finas. A região apresentou congestão, que durou mais de uma semana, porém sem necrose, não necessitando condutas coadjuvantes. Neste artigo, que também faz revisão bibliográfica da conduta no retorno venoso difícil em crianças dessa faixa etária, várias técnicas foram revistas e apresentadas na solução de retorno venoso difícil, assim como os fatores que influenciam a sobrevivência da parte amputada, porém não há um estudo específico de conduta para essa faixa etária. A criança, provavelmente, tem melhor recuperação ou readaptação funcional, porém a parte amputada tem as mesmas chances de sobrevivência no reimplante, e algumas técnicas possivelmente não sejam aplicáveis. A literatura é escassa, sendo necessária a realização de um estudo para determinar uma conduta prática e eficiente especificamente para essa faixa etária.

The distal phalanx has important functions and must be replanted in case of accidental amputation. Microsurgery is the preferred technique; however, the necessary vein anastomosis can be very difficult or even impossible, especially in small children. This paper reports a case of microsurgical replantation of the distal phalanx of the fifth finger of a one-year-old male child who suffered a crush-type amputation of the fifth fingertip in a house door. The fingertip was replanted eight hours after the amputation, with anastomosis of a very thin artery and vein. The region exhibited congestion, which persisted for more than one week without necrosis; no other procedure was required after the replantation. This paper presents a literature review of the difficulty of restoring venous return in children. Several techniques for restoring venous return in difficult cases, as well as determinants of survival of the amputated part, are reviewed and presented; however, there are no specific studies on procedures for the age group in question. Children probably have better functional recovery or adaptation than do adults, but the amputated part has the same chance of survival, and some of the techniques used in adults are not applicable in children. The literature on this topic is scant, and a study on the most practical and efficient method for fingertip replantation in small children is warranted.

Utilización de placa gancho para fracturas de falange distal en deportistas / The use of a hook plate for distal phalanx fractures in athletes

Las fracturas intra-articulares de falange distal han sido correctamente tratadas mediante la osteodesis e inmovilización durante años con aceptables resultados. Sin embargo las complicaciones derivadas del tratamiento, la inmovilización y la demora en retornar a la actividad tanto deportiva como laboral, han llevado a desarrollar nuevas técnicas con diferentes implantes y diversos resultados. Las principales complicaciones derivadas de la terapéutica tradicional mediante osteodesis e inmovilización, radican en la rigidez articular post cirugía y el aflojamiento de las clavijas. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es la descripción de nuestra experiencia en la técnica de osteosíntesis con placa gancho para el tratamiento de las fracturas intra-articulares de falange distal, con desplazamiento dorsal. Se realizó un reporte de 14 casos en 13 pacientes todos deportistas con fractura de falange distal de mano, intra-articulares, con desplazamiento, operados en un período comprendido entre mayo de 2007 y septiembre de 2009. Se lograron reducciones anatómicas, logrando una movilización temprana del dedo y un rápido retorno a las actividades deportiva. En nuestra opinión no existe un tratamiento definitivo para Mallet Finger óseo desplazado. La reducción y osteosíntesis con Placa Gancho resuelve estas fracturas de una forma sencilla, rápida y reproducible. Al ser ésta una técnica novedosa no exenta de complicaciones, recomendamos utilizarla en caso de pacientes jóvenes, activos, que requieran un rápido retorno a la actividad.

Cisto ósseo aneurismático na falange proximal da mão: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Aneurysmal bone cyst in the proximal phalange: case report and review of the literature

O cisto ósseo aneurismático é uma lesão benigna bastante comum caracterizada por ser expansiva, radioluzente, multiloculada e excêntrica, podendo acometer qualquer osso. O presente artigo relata o caso de uma criança com dor e aumento do volume no quarto dedo da mão direita há três semanas, decorrente de um cisto ósseo aneurismático. Os autores destacam as características de imagens na radiografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética, com posteriorcorrelação cirúrgica.

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a common benign lesion characterized by its insuflative, radiolucent, excentric and multiloculated pattern. It also can occur in any kind of bone. The present article report case of a child with pain and swelling in the fourth right finger forthree weeks caused by an aneurysmal bone cyst. The authors highlightthe characteristics of images in radiography, computed tomographyand magnetic resonance imaging, with subsequent surgical correlation.

Reimplante de dedo: indicações atuais / Finger reimplant: current indications

Introdução: o reimplante de dedos é uma opção no tratamento de amputações traumáticas. E tornou-se procedimento rotineiro, nos serviços onde existem profissionais com treinamento microcirúrgico.As indicações de reimplante de dedos, atualmente, estão baseadas na funcionalidade da mão. Objetivo: mostrar a modificação dos critérios para indicação de reimplante de dedos da mão. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo analisando pacientes com amputações digitais, que foram ou não reimplantados, durante os 26 anos do Serviço de Microcirurgia do Hospital Cristo Redentor em Porto Alegre. Resultados: observou-se que, inicialmente, o reimplante era aplicado a todos os segmentos amputados. Com o passar dos anos, essas indicações ficaram mais restritas, sendo contra-indicado nos pacientes com boa função remanescente, na mão traumatizada. Discussão: o principal objetivo do tratamento dos pacientes com amputações digitais é manter a funcionalidade da mão. Diversos fatores devem ser considerados para in- dicação de um reimplante digital.A reabilitação pós-operatória é fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento proposto ao segmento amputado. Conclusão: nas amputa- ções digitais, o principal critério para indicação de reimplante, além das indicações formais, deve ser a manutenção de uma boa função da mão.

Background: finger reimplant is an option in the treatment of traumatic amputations. It has become a routine procedure, when there are microsurgical trained professionals. The indications for fingers reimplant are currently based in the hand's fnctionality. Objective: to show the modification of criterions to indication finger reimplant. Methods: retrospective study analyzing digitally amputated patients, that were or weren't reimplanted during the 26 years of the Cristo Redentor Hospital's Microsurgical Service in Porto Alegre. Results: it has been observed that initially the reimplant was applied to all amputated segments. As the years have gone by, these indications are becoming more restricted. Nowadays, the reimplant is contraindicated for patients with good remaining function on the injured hand. Discussion: the main purpose on treating patients with digital amputations is to maintain the hand's fnctionality. Several factors should be considered when indicating a digital reimplant. The postoperative rehabilitation is fundamental to the success of the treatment proposed to the amputated segment. Cconclusion: in digital amputations the main criteria when indicating a reimplant, besides the formal conditions, should be keeping the good functionality of the hand.